Ovid [1st century CE] (The Metamorphoses, 5, 425): She found herself thirsty and weary from her efforts, and had not moistened her lips at any of the springs, when by chance she saw a hut with a roof of straw, and she knocked on its humble door. At that sound, an old woman emerged, and saw the goddess, and, when she asked for water, gave her something sweet made with malted barley. While she drank what she had been given a rash, foul-mouthed boy stood watching, and taunted her, and called her greedy. The goddess was offended, and threw the liquid she had not yet drunk, mixed with the grains of barley, in his face. His skin, absorbing it, became spotted, and where he had once had arms, he now had legs. A tail was added to his altered limbs, and he shrank to a little shape, so that he has no great power to harm. He is like a lesser lizard, a newt, of tiny size. The old woman wondered and wept, and, trying to touch the creature, it ran from her and searched out a place to hide. It has a name fitting for its offense, stellio, its body starred with various spots. - [Kline translation]

Pliny the Elder [1st century CE] (Natural History, Book 8, 48; 29, 22): [Book 8, 48] Theophrastus states that geckos [stelliones] also slough off their old skin as a snake does, and similarly swallow the slough at once, it being a cure for epilepsy if one snatches it from them. It is also said that their bite is harmless in Greece but that they are noxious in Sicily. [Book 29, 22] The scorpion when pounded up counteracts the poison of the spotted lizard [stelionum], for there is made from these lizards an evil drug: if one has been drowned in wine it covers the face of those who drink it with an eruption of freckle-like spots. So women, plotting to spoil the beauty of rival courtesans, kill a spotted lizard [stelionibus] in the ointment used by them. The remedy is yolk of egg, honey. and soda. The gall of this kind of lizard, beaten up in water, is said to attract weasels. - [Rackham translation]

Isidore of Seville [7th century CE] (Etymologies, Book 12, 4:38): The newt [stellio] has its name given according to its color, for on its back it is marked with glittering spots in the manner of stars [stella]. Ovid says concerning it: It has a name appropriate for its color, star-strewn [stellatus] with variegated spots on its body. This animal is considered to be the antagonist of scorpions, so that when it is seen by them it induces fear and stupefaction. - [Barney, Lewis, et. al. translation]

Thomas of Cantimpré [circa 1200-1272 CE] (Liber de natura rerum, Serpents 8.31; 8.32): [Serpents 8.31] Stellio, as Isidore says, has its name from its color; for it is spotted on the back with shining eyes in the form of stars. It is so opposed to scorpions, that the sight of it brings terror and numbness to the scorpion. But it signifies those who have been blessed with natural good, or by the power of heaven, who are a terror to those who do evil. Hence, wherever the children of Israel were, there was light; and it is evident that when they came upon them they fled in the darkness. [Serpents 8.32] Stellius is a serpent, as Pliny says. Its poison is deadly. But a remedy against it is made from the ground flesh of a scorpion. For nature has always created that which opposes evils. The wine in which a newt was drowned, covers one's face with freckles. The gall of stellium, ground in water, is said to attract weasels by some secret instinct. Stellius is most opposed to scorpions, and they pursue each other with natural hatred. But because the weasel is bigger and stronger than the newt, the newt fears it as much as the scorpion fears the newt, so that at the sight of it the scorpion is drenched in a cold sweat. - [Badke translation/paraphrase]

Bartholomaeus Anglicus [13th century CE] (Liber de proprietatibus rerum, Book18.93): The Lisard is called Stellio, & hath ye name of his owne colour, for it is a litle beast painted on the back with shining specks, as it were stars. Ovid speketh of him, & saith, yt he hath a name according to his colour, for hée hath diverse shining specks in the body, & shine as stars, as Isidore sayth, lib. 12. And he saith, that the Lisard is so contrarye to Scorpions, that the Scorpions dread & léese comfort when they see the Lisarde. Li. 8. Plin[y] saith, that the Lisarde liveth most by dew: And though he be a fayre beast, and faire painted, yet he is right venimous. For as Plinius sayth, lib. 29. cap. 2. the worst medicine is made of the Lisard: for when he is dead in Wine, he covereth their faces yt drinke therof, with vile scabs. Therefore they eschew to put him in medicine, and Ointment, yt have envie to fairenesse of strumpets. His remedy is, the yolk of an egge, hony & glasse: & the gall of a Lisarde stamped in water, assembleth together wéesels, as it is sayd. And the Lisarde is a manner kind of Ewts, & créepeth, & is foure footed, & clove footed, with fingers departed as it wer in manner of an hound, & therwith he créepeth & climbeth up to tops of houses, and in the chinnes of Welles there he maketh his dennes, and chaungeth their skins in age, as the Serpent doth, as he sayth, and lurketh in winter in dens and chinnes, and his sight dimmeth, & in springing time hée commeth out of his den, and féeleth that his sight faileth, and chaungeth his place, and séeketh him a place toward the East, and openeth continually his eien toward the rising of the Sun, untill the humour in the eye be full dryed, & the mist wasted, that is cause of dimnesse in the eie. And super Prou. cap. 30. the Glose meaneth, that the Lisard is the most swift beast, & is not feathered neither penned, but only by ablenesse and swiftnesse of feet hée créepeth & climbeth upon the top of the house and the wall. - [Batman]